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This website helped me pass! John feels incredibly ashamed of his affair with Abigail, so he tries to bury it and pretend it never happened. Though the play is fictional, the characters are named after real people who lived in Salem during that time. No one thinks a teenage orphan girl is capable of such extensive deception (or delusion), so she is consistently trusted. Through Abigail Williams, Miller was trying to state the injustice in Salem because she targeted the innocent people, leading to their death. Abigail distracts the judges from any rational investigation in this act by playing into this hysteria. Miller addresses a similar hysteria throughout his play. The Judge forcing people to lie to save their lives he cant see the wrong hes doing. The people who preside over the trials are corrupt. There are numerous connections between the flaws of individual characters and the overarching themes of the play that could be brought into this discussion. He refers to Johns refusal to confess as a calamity, looking past his own involvement in the larger calamity of the conviction that led John to this point. Hypocrisy is shown between the characters: Abigail Williams, Reverend Parris, and Hale. She openly threatens Danforth for even entertaining Mary and John's accusations of fraud against her. These are themes that could be considered subsets of the topics detailed in the previous sections, but there's also room to discuss them as topics in their own right. As John gives his confession, Danforth says to Rebecca Nurse Now, woman, you surely see it profit nothin to keep this conspiracy any further. John Proctor surrenders his agency at the end of Act 3 in despair at the determination of the court to pursue the accusations of witchcraft and ignore all evidence of their falsehood. . To Danforth, anything that doesnt confirm that he was right all along is a lie. Johns concern for his reputation is strong throughout the play, and his hesitation to reveal Abigails true nature is a product of his own fears of being labeled an adulterer. Tituba attempts to tell the truth about Abigail when she says, You beg me to conjure! The court refuses to challenge anyone who claims to have been afflicted. The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points, How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer, Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests. Jennifer has taught high school English for eight years and has a master's degree in curriculum and assessment. They're also revealed though events in the plot. hbspt.cta.load(360031, '4efd5fbd-40d7-4b12-8674-6c4f312edd05', {}); Have any questions about this article or other topics? The town suspected her of lewd dealings, so she was put to death for it. In Arthur Miller's stunning play, The Crucible, a primary character named John Proctor has an affair with a young woman named Abigail Williams. 123). No one considers that the accusers are lying, partially because theyre seen as innocent children and partially because many witches confess to avoid the death penalty. Do you not know that God damns all liars? (Miller 101). This means that much of the population that remains is comprised of the power-hungry, the selfish, and the cowardly. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Danforth also becomes frustrated with Proctor when he wont name names in his confession: Mr. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. He appears to have no governing system of morality. The fact that he forgets only this commandment shows that he is trying extremely hard to repress his guilt. In this act, we learn more details about the accused that paint a clearer picture of the influence of reputation and social standing on the patterns of accusations. She is enraged when Parris questions her suspicious dismissal from the Proctor household. In one of the most well-known quotes in the play, John Proctor angrily insists that the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom (pg. This is taken as evidence that things are really getting out of control ("if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning." A 17-year-old girl named Abigail Williams had an affair with John Proctor, a wealthy, married man. These attributes are seen in both character, John Proctor from Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, set in Salem in the early seventeenth century and in Atticus Finch from Harper Lees novel, To Kill a Mockingbird set in New York in 1950. Abigail possesses a two- pronged approach in her motivation. These types of statements made by Hale earlier in the play become even more ironic in Act 4 when he realizes he made a horrible mistake by trusting the evidence that was presented to him. The desire to preserve and gain power pervadesThe Crucible as the witch trials lead to dramatic changes in which characters hold the greatest control over the course of events. In The Crucible, they all fear witchcraft, because there is a rumor going around. In this play, the author illustrates the central idea that people should not allow jealousy to control their actions. 118). Theme 3: Reputation. We hear a lot about hypocrisy, or when someone's actions don't match up with the professed values. She puts on a fake front to get what she wants, ultimately creating a persona thats even worse than that of the hypocrites she criticizes. SAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination BoardTM. The power of mass hysteria is further revealed when Mary is unable to faint outside of a charged courtroom environment. Elizabeth notes that Mary's demeanor is now like that of the daughter of a prince (pg. Parris is extremely dismayed by this revelation because of the damage it will do to his reputation. The whole purpose of a trial is to hear both sides of the story before a verdict is reached. These types of statements made by Hale earlier in the play become even more ironic in Act 4 when he realizes he made a horrible mistake by trusting the evidence that was presented to him. This is irony of the same type that I discussed in the overview of this theme. Every person has some kind of flaw; no one is completely perfect. The play is about human weakness, hypocrisy, and vindictiveness. Danforth has extensive pride in his intelligence and perceptiveness. There are several ironies in Act 1 that center around Abigail Williams. In the book the Crucible there are many hypocrites some dishonest some just following any one to be guilty, but one of the many character is Judge Danforth he mocks Marry when he ask "How were you instructed in your life? In The Crucible, there are many characters that feed into or contribute to the rapid spread of witch hysteria in the small village of Salem. Abigails many deceptions are sometimes laughably ironic as she chastises others for lying even as she is spinning falsehoods. Why doesnt John immediately tell the court that he knows Abigail is faking? The play, The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller demonstrates the implications of a society in complete chaos over an irrational fear of witchcraft in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. He chooses to die instead of providing a false confession because he doesnt think life will be worth living after he is so disgraced. I feel like its a lifeline. The evidence used in the Salem Witch Trials further demonstrates the hypocrisy in the Puritan times. The two characters that could have ended the mass hysteria are Abigail Williams and Deputy Governor Danforth. How does reputation influence who is first accused of witchcraft? They so fear the devilish consequences of challenging the accusers that theyre willing to take them at their word and ignore any defenses the accused have to offer. Miller carries the theme of hypocrisy through Parris by giving the reverend a very greedy nature. Anns extreme conclusions are gradually accepted because rational people are too afraid to challenge the consensus and risk bringing accusations upon themselves. First off, what is irony? 71). The irony is that, in the face of Johns rejection, Abigail turns around and creates her own lies soon after that give her increased control over the society she resents. Though hysteria overpowered the reputations of the accused in the past two acts, in act 4 the sticking power of their original reputations becomes apparent. The Devil is really a superstition hiding the townspeople, who are ''precise'' in their accusations because they want land from others. Irony abounds throughout The Crucibleascharacters who believe they are combating the Devils handiwork actually perform it themselves. Elizabeth is defined by her relationship to John, and Mary is pushed around by other characters (mostly men) throughout the play. Parris is extremely dismayed by this revelation because of the damage it will do to his reputation. Take a look at this article for details on the history and thematic parallels behind this connection. How to use hypocrisy in a sentence. Abigail's version of events is held to be true even after John confesses to their affair in a final effort to discredit her. is hypocrisy a natural human flaw the crucible 16 is hypocrisy a natural human flaw the crucible. How are themes like hysteria, hunger for power, reputation, or any of a number of others functional in the drama? He appears to have no governing system of morality. Miller fills us in on much of the history in breaks in the play where he offers commentary in his own voice. Some will be very direct. Both Hale and Proctor don't want to live with the consequences of their mistakes, so they try to ignore or undo their past actions. A real example of irony would be if two married guests got into a fight about going to your wedding that ended in their divorce. . Explain who you believe is the central tragic character in the play. Danforth explains that witchcraft is an invisible crime and that only the victims are reliable. Choose a single character and discuss how this person embodies one of the themes. Will you confess yourself with him? (pg. How is the arrest of Rebecca Nurse a sign that the hysteria in Salem has gotten out of control? | Certified Educator Arthur Miller clearly wants the audience to empathize with John Proctor in The Crucible, and we know this based on the principles for which he stands. Historical Context. In a case like this, you'd be writing directly about a specific theme in connection to one of the characters. Ironically, though she is normally honest to a fault, in this situation Elizabeth decides to lie to preserve Johns reputation, not knowing he has already confessed. South Plantation High School, one of the only schools to offer a program for the deaf, cast tradition aside to create a rendition of The Crucible that is truly one of a kind. Not living up to our beliefs, opinions,virtues, feelings, qualities, or standards is not a hypocrisy.Hypocrisy is pretending (and lying to others) to have them when we don't. A theme is a central topic that is addressed by a work of literature. Why is Giles Cory expelled from court? Danforth, Hathorne, and Parris become even more rigid in their views when they feel they are under attack. Why do certain characters seem to be blind to the irony of their actions (Abigail, Danforth)? The ruthlessness with which the suspected witches are treated is aimed at purifying Salem, but it achieves the opposite outcome. Proctors strengths consist of, honesty and pride. And he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out." Read on for an overview of what a theme is, a list of important themes in The Crucible with specific act-by-act details, and a summary of how to use this information in your essays and other assignments. Parris begs Danforth to postpone their hangings because he fears for his life if the executions proceed as planned. He wrote the play as an allegory of McCarthyism, when the US government discriminated communists. Miller includes some commentary on Hale: ''One cannot help noting that one of his lines has never yet raised a laugh in any audience that has seen this play; it is his assurance that, 'We cannot look to superstition in this. The first is that she is looking to escape . Lying- Explain why the girls are more willing to lie . The people in charge are so eager to hold onto their power that if anyone disagrees with them in the way the trials are conducted, it is taken as a personal affront and challenge to their authority. This is especially true with the reputation and hysteria themes. For example, proctor waits till the very last minute to reveal Abigail is lying. John Proctor sabotages his own reputation in Act 3 after realizing it's the only way he can discredit Abigail. Fear plays an immense role in the way people make their decisions, such as when the characters of Danforth and Mary Warren resort to hypocrisy when no other options remain. Danforth insists that John must know more about the Devil's dealings than he has revealed. One flaw that can always be found in society and the Crucible is hypocrisy. The human lust and want for power has been and is the base of each and every witch-hunt. makes them feel the best about themselves. We saw that Arthur Miller used the Puritans in The Crucible to explore the themes, or main ideas of a text, in order to make the statement that society can be hypocritical and that we should question intentions. To illustrate, here are some examples of . Even Judge Danforth, supposedly a reliable source of justice and solidity, goes against what he knows to be true by forcing those arrested to either confess to crimes they did not commit or face the gallows, all to save his name and prevent it from looking like he had hanged innocent people. Salem is under attack from the hysteria that is encouraged by the same people who seek to keep imaginary supernatural demons at bay. When she cant get John to abandon Elizabeth for her, she decides to take matters into her own hands and gain control through manipulating the fears of others. The attitudes towards women in the 1950s, when the play was written, are evident in the roles they're given. Miller wrote it as an allegory to the Red Scare, the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism. Danforth also acts out of concern for his reputations here. Later in Act 4, Danforth becomes angry at the implication that Johns confession may not be the truth. Just like generosity, honesty and kindness are natural in people with those tendencies. As he says, How may I live without my name? He believes that Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. "She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris's house tonight, and without word nor warnin' she falls to the floor. One such example would be the scene in which Proctor and Parris are discussing Parris style of sermon, when Parris randomly exclaims that he is not being provided with as much wood as his contract spells out, as well as arguing for an extra six pounds per year. succeed. When the petition testifying to the good character of the accused women is presented, the reaction from Danforth, Hathorne, and Parris is to arrest the people who signed it rather than considering that this might indicate that the women are innocent. Themes can be expressed in many different ways. Once the accusations begin, Parris initiates an ironic thought process that persists throughout The Crucible: You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, Tituba! (pg. If Danforth accepts Marys testimony, it would mean that he wrongly convicted numerous people already. If Tituba was permitted to explain what really happened, the ensuing tragedy might have been prevented. When the petition testifying to the good character of the accused women is presented, the reaction from Danforth, Hathorne, and Parris is to arrest the people who signed it rather than considering that this might indicate that the women are innocent. While it does provide an entertaining experience at face value, the true literary genius behind the work is Miller's . In this case, you're asked to discuss the concept of a tragic character, explaining who fits that mold in The Crucible and why. However, this runs up against Danforths desire to preserve his reputation as a strong judge. You can also read my full summary of The Crucible here for a review of exactly what happens in the plot in each act. John Proctor is the tragic hero because he is loving, loyal, authoritative, but his tragic flaw is his . She beg me make charm (Miller, pg. People could not take another's land unless it was left to them in a will; however, if someone were to be executed for a crime, that land belonged to the state and could be re-distributed. The only power they have left is in refusing to confess and preserving their integrity. He claims that they must not jump to conclusions based on superstition in their investigation of Bettys affliction. The classic example of an incorrect use of irony is in Alanis Morisette's song "Ironic" when she says that "rain on your wedding day" is an example of irony. 67). The main point that the story revolves around is that people would rather lie and blame someone else instead of confessing and accepting the punishment. Diehard fan of The Wire. Support me by becoming a Medium member: https://bit.ly/39Cybb8. These two institutions fuse together in The Crucible to actively encourage accusers and discourage rational explanations of events. 12) The first act of The Crucibleclearly establishes the fact that a bad reputation can damage a persons position in this society severely and irreparably. While I speak Gods law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering (pg. Elizabeth doesnt realize that John is willing to sacrifice his reputation to save her life. An example would be something like: "How are themes like hysteria, hunger for power, reputation, or any of a number of others functional in the drama? 67). One path to higher standing and greater control would be in becoming John Proctors wife. In The Crucible many examples of hypocrisy are shown. In today's world hypocrisy is demonstrated by everyday citizens and even political leaders. In the final events of Act 4, John Proctor has a tough choice to make between losing his dignity and losing his life. Being a hypocrite is one of the worst things you can be called youre someone who criticizes others and yet does the same sin yourself. Is reputation more important than truth? Now that you've read about the most important themes in The Crucible, check out ourlist of every single character in the play, including brief analyses of their relationships and motivations. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. Human Flaws in Arthur Miller's The Crucible Many of the characters in Arthur Miller's The Crucible have specific human flaws that cause the tragedy of the Salem Witch Trials. Hale also contends with his guilt in act 4 for his role in condemning the accused witches, who he now believes are innocent. Hypocrisy relates to The Crucible in that both Reverend Parris and Mr. Putnam are incredibly hypocritical characters. Rational explanations are ground up by the drama of the rumor mill, and people see only what they want to see (whatever keeps them in the good graces of society andmakes them feel the best about themselves) in situations that don't appear to have easy explanations. Concern for reputation is a theme that looms large over most of the events in The Crucible. 121). Act 4 is Danforths turn to shine in the irony department. The court refuses to challenge anyone who claims to have been afflicted. 133). The hysterical atmosphere and the dramatic performances of some of the accusers cause people to believe they have seen genuine proof of witchcraft. Miller himself was blacklisted for refusing to testify in front of the HUAC, a committee that was created to investigate any person who might be a communist. Abigail insists that she did nothing to deserve it and tries to put all the blame on Elizabeth Proctor. Revered Parris claims to be a godly minister, yet he is always clamoring for more: golden candlesticks, property rights, more money. Hypocrisy In Salem And The Crucible Proctor knows that unlike most of the other people who have gotten hanged, his is not completely innocent. The prisoners have lost all faith in earthly authority figures and look towards the judgment of God. The Crucible is a play written by American author, Arthur Miller, in 1953. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Score, list of every single character in the play, details on the history and thematic parallels behind this connection.
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