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Photo Credit: Wikipedia, 'Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther . This, then, is the meaning of(Esth. cit.). Sort by: Most popular. How old was Esther when she became queen? Please consider supporting TheTorah.com. Codification of basic Jewish Oral Law; edited and arranged by R. Judah ha-Nasi c. 200 C.E. her death is not known. We can adjust the hypothetical ages and birth dates of Mordecai, Esther and their parents by a few years and still keep it . This means she had been married to the king for approximately 40 years at the time of her death. The Talmud reveals that Esther's relationship with Ahasuerus wasn't a romantic one. someone died doesn't mean they didn't exist. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? The Scroll of Esther is read on Purim from a parchment scroll.Megillah13a). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [12] Ilan, Esther, Judith and Susanna as Propaganda for Shelamzions Queenship,Integrating Women, 135. Esther had At first, Esther was hesitant to approach the king, as anyone who approached him without his invitation was put to death unless the king extended his top scepter. For the name of Esther, a number of etymologies are possible.1) Esther comes from the Persian "setareh," meaning "star".2) Esther comes from the Aramaic "istahar," meaning "moon." Through his actions, along with those of his cousin Esther, the Jews were saved from extermination. 5). Her loyalty to her people is admirable, as is . Ahasuerus consulted with Mordecai how to discover Esthers secret, and Mordecai advised him to arouse Esthers jealousy by inviting other women to him, thus motivating her to disclose her secret (BT Megillah 13a). "order." She was a beautiful Jewish woman, the wife of the Persian king Ahasuerus (Xerxes I). Queen Esther is an orphan raised by her uncle Mordecai and is eventually married to King Ahasuerus. 12:2], 5:11). She married her cousin Alexander of Judaea (died 48 BC), who was the son of Aristobulus II. [11] Elias J. Bickerman, The Colophon of the Greek Book of Esther,Journal of Biblical Literature63.4 (1944): 339-62. Consequently, Esther was not considered to be a married woman who willingly engaged in adultery, and she was therefore permitted to Mordecai; indeed, the Rabbis maintain that she continued to live with the latter, at the same time that she was married to Ahasuerus (BT Megillah 13b). Ilan relies upon Bickermans dating, as does Aaron KollersEsther in Ancient Jewish Thought(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014). By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. Esther told the king that her people were in danger. She is mentioned several times throughout the Book of Esther. According to other traditions, her bowels were loosened (BTMegillahloc. Those were the good old days, the rabbis say, the days of Queen Shelamzion. Esther took her turn after 12 months of preparation, and she was chosen as queen: "She was taken to King Xerxes in the royal residence in the tenth month, the month of Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. She was compared to a hind, for just as a hind has a narrow womb and is as desirable to her mate at all times as at the first time, so, too, was Esther as desirable to Ahasuerus at all times as at the first time. point). Her son Charles, 73, is now king. 114 BCE: see Carey Moore, On the Origins of the LXX Additions to the Book of Esther,JBL92.3 (1973): 382-83. Mordecai was instrumental in thwarting a murderous plot by one of the kings advisers, Haman, to annihilate the Jewish people. Esther and her cousin Mordecai (who had once saved the king's life) later persuaded the king to cancel an order for the extermination of the Jews in his vast realm, which had been plotted by the king's chief minister, Haman. As Esther poured her tears and anguish into the jar, it became a bridge between her innermost feelings and the outside world. She also exhibits symptoms of agoraphobia, suicidal ideation, and feelings of overwhelming guilt and worthlessness. She understood that she had a mission and that she could shape reality rather than passively suffer through it. How old was Queen Elizabeth II when she died? Esther would then be aged18 when she wins the beauty contest, 22 when she becomes queen (Esther 2:16-17), and 27 when she helps to defeat Haman's genocide scheme. book of Nehemiah began, although her husband, King Xerxes was Rebekah had sent him there to be safe from his angry twin brother, Esau. Her thoughts are characterized by pressured speech, disorganized thought processes, confusion, and paranoia. When we celebrate Purim, may we laugh with Esther and Mordecai, but also remember Queen Shelamzion Alexandra, praise her example, and wish that Eretz Israel may experience those heavenly rains of peace again in our time. He was a Jew living in the Persian city of Susa, and he became a prime minister in the Persian court of King Ahasuerus. assassinated 20 years earlier (he was probably bout 20-25 years brought him up to be favorable to the Jews and he later rebuilt the Esther was the best-looking woman, and Ahasuerus picked her to replace Vashti as Queen. The Rabbis add that Esther found favor in the eyes of both heaven and humans (Esth. Narrator: After Haman died, King Ahasuerus gave a second decree to preserve the Jews and give them power to destroy their enemies within the kingdom. Although the Bible Wake up to the day's most important news. But to approach the king without being summoned was not only illegal, but it could very well result in death for impertinence. After Esthers coronation, the king continues to gather virgins in his palace, which the Rabbis understand as an activity meant to reveal Esthers identity. . Esther standing in the Inner Court. It was Mordecai who helped Esther win the favor of the King, who then chose her to be his queen. tradition is that Queen Esther's tomb is in Hamadan, also known as Esther and Mordecai then obtained a royal edict allowing Jews throughout the empire to defend themselves on the day set for their extermination. Historians say there never was a Queen Vashti of Persia. Instead, he anticipates Peter's thought in 1 Peter 2:17, before Peter ever wrote it: Fear God. Designation of the five scrolls of the Bible (Ruth, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther). Then the queen gave Haman's estate to Mordecai and prayed the king to deliver the nation of the Jews from the fear for their lives, and she showed him what the letter that had been sent throughout the country by Haman, the son of Ammedatha; for, she said, if her country were destroyed and her countrymen were to perish, she could herself bear to . 100). She died in her sleep at the Royal Lodge, Great Windsor Park, which is now the main residence of her grandson. We may assume, therefore, that she was about 14 years of age when she succeeded to the throne. Browse 35 queen esther bible stock illustrations and vector graphics available royalty-free, or start a new search to explore more great stock images and vector art. Themidrashrelates that Esther hid from Ahasueruss agents who sought women for the king. Sat 30 Mar 2002 15.27 EST Buckingham Palace announced today that the Queen Mother died peacefully in her sleep at 3.15 this afternoon at the age of 101. When the king saw his queen, Xerxes lowered his golden scepter to invite Esther into his presence. She knew King Xerxes's love for merrymakingthat's how he first got in trouble with Queen Vashti (Es 1:10, 11, 12), how he celebrated Queen Esther's rise to the throne (Es 2:17, 18), and how he ended his day with Haman after issuing the edict for genocide (Es 3:15). When Esther was taken captive, her emotional world was completely destroyed. When Esther pointed and declared(Esth. Given things for purification (Esther 2:9). According to the Babylonian tradition, she saw menstrual blood (BT Megillah15a). Esther: Nice Jewish Girl, Married to a Goy? Even after she becomes queen because of the disobedience of Queen Vashti, Esther remains modest and down-to-earth. assassinated with her husband (which was likely), or if she was According to the view that Esther was Hadassahs second name, the Rabbis explain that she was given this name because she concealed (histirah) her origins. The book of Esther (2:7) states that she had both names, Esther and Myrtle (Hadassah in Hebrew). In response, Esther tells him that, like him, she is the offspring of royalty (Midrash Abba Gurion, para. There is not one correct rendering of her name in any rabbinic manuscript (260). Esther is noteworthy for her beauty, intelligence, and courage, along with her humility. Queen Esther by Edwin Long in 1878. Mordecai, the leader of the Jewish community in the city of Susa, heard the news of the decree and went to Queen Esther, his cousin, to plead with her to plead to the king on their behalf and to save them from the impending danger. As early as 1215, Rabbi Menachem Ha-Hevroni wrote that while visiting the Galilee, he came across the tomb of Queen Esther, "who, during her lifetime, had instructed her son Cyrus to bring her there [for burial]". The Jewish festival ofPurimcelebrates this event. The Babylonian tradition maintains that Esther was Mordecais wife. Laying the scene atSusa, a residential city of the Persian kings, the Book of Esther narrates thatKing Ahasuerus deposed his first wife, Queen Vashti, after she refused to display her beauty to the people and nobles at the kings feast. Mordechai later adopted Esther as his daughter after her parents died. The events of Esther unfold over an eight- to ten-year period. These actions demonstrated the kings respect and admiration for Esther and earned her the loyalty of her people. At that banquet, she heightened the tension between the two by inviting both men to a second banquet. i. When Esther sought to deliver up Haman, she revealed her identity as a Jew in the act. Esther was a young Jewish girl taken into the palace of the king of Persia, King Ahasuerus. Furthermore, he commanded all the provinces of his realm to provide special favors and tax exemptions to Esther and her people, the Jews. Esther: A Queen Under Control. Their grandfather was Alexander Jannaeus, the second eldest son of John Hyrcanus. The spelling of her name is confirmed by its appearance in the Qumran material; see4QCalendrical Document C(Florentino Garcia Martinez and Elbert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds.,Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition[Brill Academic Publishers, 2000], 694). She was married to King Achashverosh, whom some identify as Artaxerxes (), 1 king of Persia. 22:7, 2426). Instead, Haman was hanged, and the Jews were given permission to destroy their enemies. Esther, the orphaned cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai, won the kings devotion and was chosen to be the new queen; Mordecai had instructed her to not reveal that she was Jewish. In the Book of Esther, Mordecai plays a major role in the events leading up to the deliverance of the Jewish people from their enemies. [12] Queen Shelamzion Alexandra certainly stood to benefit from Esthers precedent. When she became orphaned, she was adopted by her cousin Mordecai. One day he overheard a conspiracy between two of the king's guards who wanted to assassinate Xerxes. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. Her death is believed to have been around the age of 57. Esthers jar was a tangible expression of her emotional devastation, her loss of hope, and her feelings of utter helplessness. In the affair of Bigthan and Teresh, Esther continued to follow Mordecais instructions. Haman (the bad guy) represented the Jews' first enemy Ernest Normand/Wikipedia Esther's story is full of symbolism, which really helped the case for being accepted into the Bible. He even granted permission for the Jews to arm themselves with weapons and deliver the kings edicts throughout the kingdom. That being said, We don't know, though tradition teaches that she lived a long life. Rabbah8:3). King Ahasuerus, named Darius, who became King Darius II. Daniel probably died shortly after Darius took the throne in 521 One tradition states that she was served Jewish food in the harem, while another asserts that she was given chines of pork. Queen Esther and Mordecai were given Haman's estate. Esther Greenwood, the protagonist of Sylvia Plaths novel The Bell Jar, is believed to be a representation of the author herself. In Shelamzions period, there were no precedents for powerful queens in Judeanot unless one counts Jezebel, the most notorious queen in Israelite history, or her daughter Athaliah. In Jacobs blessing to his sons, he blesses Benjamin(Gen. 49:27): Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning he consumes the foe, and in the evening he divides the spoil, which the Rabbis applied to Mordecai and Esther. TheTorah.com is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.We rely on the support of readers like you. We rely on the support of readers like you. Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Esther was born about 492BC and was 14 when she became Queen. Esthers extreme courage and her willingness to risk her own life for the safety of her people serves as an inspiration to this day. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). BC (he would have already been well over 90 years old at this Victoria's funeral began on 2 February 1901. Her story is one of faith, courage, and resilience, and her bravery serves as an inspiration to others to never give up fighting for what you believe in. All Her . Josephus tells us that she was loved by the masses of the Jewish people (Jewish Antiquities 13:407). She stayed with Ahasuerus and sacrificed her personal happiness to complete her ultimate mission to enable the building of the Second Temple and the return to Zion. [11] According to the colophon to Greek Esther, a delegation of Jews from Jerusalem went to Egypt with the translation of the story of Megillat Esther and asked the Jews of Alexandria to begin celebrating the festival of Purim. The grave of Mordecai and Esther still stands in Hamadan; and the Jews of Iran, to this day, are referred to as "the children of Esther.". Her reign lasted less than a decade but still longer than a two-term presidency. Rabbah 6:5; BT Megillah 13a). The story of Esther happened after Cyrus, the first Persian King, called for all deported Jews to return to Jerusalem to build the House of God (538 B.C., Ezra 1:2). In reference to her lineage, the Rabbis state that she continued the way of the members of her tribe: Rachel, Benjamin, and Saul(Gen. Rabbah71:35; see below: Esther Does Not Reveal Her Origins). The plea was turned down by her. In post-Temple times, a small piece of dough set aside and burnt. He also appointed her as queen of the Persian Empire and gave her a royal medal of honor. Esther is also compared to a wolf, to the moon (see below: Esther as the Deliverer of Israel) and to a stove on which everyone places his pots (Midrash Tehilim, onPs. Lastly, Mordecai helped the Jews to establish their rights, which became to be known as the Purim festival. He married Esther in 479BC (Esther 2:16), when he was 40. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. According to tradition, the book of Esther was written in the mid-4th century BCE, and was made part of the canon which was sealed a couple of decades after.Esther was queen for about 11 years.The name of Mordecai is the Judaised pronunciation of Marduka, which is attested in the Persepolis Texts as the name of officials in the Persian court during the period of Xerxes I. Elizabeth I is one of England's most well-known monarchs. When Esther's words were reported to Mordecai, he sent back this answer: "Do not think that because you are in the king's house you alone of all the Jews will escape. This exegesis casts the Biblical narrative in a different light. to be fictional. Abase him before me, for You abase the proud (Esth. Considering that she was likely in her mid-teens when she met King Ahasuerus, she lost her parents before that point. The Talmud sees Haman's decree as a punishment from Heaven to these Jews. 2:7 ). In another exposition, she was given this name by the Gentiles, after the celestial body Istahar (BTLit. Designation of the five scrolls of the Bible (Ruth, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther). Despite her hiding her identity, Esther still maintained contact with Mordecai. She ordered her uncle: "Go, gather together all the Jews and fast for me, and neither eat nor drink for three days, night or day." 22:23). 5:3), but not things that were opposed to the kingdom, such as her asking him to rebuild the Temple (BT Megillah loc. Esther turns in prayer to God and compares the situation of the Jews of Persia to that of the Jews in Egypt: in Egypt the Jews cried out and were answered; and in Persia, they fasted, prayed and cried out over their tribulation and the decree that was harsher than that during the time of the Egyptian servitude. The spirit of divine inspiration descended on Esther shortly before she went to Ahasuerus, thus leading to her inclusion in the list of the seven women prophets(BTMegillah14a; 15a). Most of the Jews preferred the comfortable life of the Persian Empire to an arduous life rebuilding their devastated homeland. Throughout the book of Esther, Queen Esthers bravery and courage is seen as an example of how God can deliver and uses those who are willing to obey and trust Him. [3] The Talmud reveals that Esther's relationship with Ahasuerus wasn't a romantic one. Vintage colour lithograph from 1882 of Esther standing in the Inner Court of the King's House. She is the author of several books, including On My Right Michael, On My Left Gabriel: Angels in Ancient Jewish Culture (University of California Press, 2021). She was the last of the house of Hanover and . Queen Elizabeth, who reigned for 70 years as Britain's monarch, died Thursday at Balmoral, her estate in the Scottish Highlands. The historical reality of this biblical episode, and whether or not Esther actually existed, has often been questioned. She was crowned about 55 years after the destruction of the First Temple, and fifteen years before the Second Temple was built. 482 BC, so Daniel had likely been dead for about 25 years at this In the Book of Lamentations Israel bemoan (5:3): We have become orphans, fatherless, and God promises them the redemption of the fatherless and motherless orphan (Lam. "the written Torah." Esther gained even greater favour with Ahasuerus after she helped thwart an assassination plot against him that Mordecai overheard at the palace gate. The Rabbis viewed Esther as one who was compelled to marry Ahasuerus against her will. cit. According to one tradition, she was forty years old, while another places her age at seventy-four, which is the numerical value of the name Hadassah (Esthers second name), or, according to another calculation of this numerical value, seventy-five (see above). Queen Shelamzion Alexandra reigned as queen of Judea from 76 to 67 BCE. He deposed Queen Vashti in 483/482BC when he was 36 ( Esther 1:3 ). She appears to be a loyal wife to Mordecai, as she supports him throughout his efforts to save the Jewish people from Hamans plot. The matter became known to Mordecai, who told Queen Esther, and Esther informed the king: Mordecai's attitude wasn't "I'm a Jewish man in exile under a pagan king, so I do not care if he is killed.". Designation of the five scrolls of the Bible (Ruth, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther). What is the answer punchline algebra 15.1 why dose a chicken coop have only two doors? Esther probably didn't live to see the events of the book of It was only when Esther came that Ahasuerus removed the likeness of Vashti and replaced it with that of Esther (Esth. Esther also spoke of her merit for observing the womens commandments of the taking ofDuring the Temple period, the dough set aside to be given to the priests. Before she went to Ahasuerus, Esther uttered the prayer: O Lord, the God of Israel, who has reigned from days of yore and created the universe, help, please, Your handmaiden who has remained an orphan without father and mother, and who is compared to a pauper who begs from door to door. As a result, the king reversed his decree and the Jews were saved from death. Her name was Shelamzion Alexandra. Thisdevarbuilds on Ilans work: her oeuvre is well known to academics but is not as well known as it could be tothe reading public. This book therefore has the same sanctity as the other books of Scripture. Fortunately, the king was able to get to the bottom of the plot and expose the would-be assassins before any harm came to Mordecai or the king. A few of them, such as Nehemiah, Mordecai and Daniel, rose to positions of prominence under the Babylonian kings.The last of the Prophets of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) were still living.King Cyrus had recently made his famous proclamation (2 Chronicles 36:22-23) allowing the Jews to resettle Judea (Israel), and some had gone up with Zerubavel, but the enemies of the Jews had then slandered them (Ezra ch.4), causing the Babylonian king to put a stop to the rebuilding and resettlement of Judea. She was living there as part of the harem of the king, but was singled out by the King who was so taken with her beauty that he chose her to be his queen. 17:14): Inscribe this in a document as a reminder (since Haman was of Amalekite stock). Furthermore, the Jewish people had a special holiday to commemorate their deliverance and celebrate the bravery of Mordecai. See Ilana Pardes,Countertraditions in the Bible: A Feminist Approach(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), 126 ff. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hearing the horror of the planned genocide, the light went on: Esther connected with her inner self and understood why she had been made queen. The midrash relates that Esther asked theTorahscholars to Write of me for all time. The Rabbis replied that it is forbidden to add to what is written in the Torah, and it is not possible to include another book in Scripture, or to establish a new holiday. The Rabbis even find proof that God concurred with the activity of Mordecai and Esther, since it is written(Esth. The Book of Esther relates that Esther told no one of her Jewish origins, as Mordecai had ordered her. [6] Josephus writes: Alongside Queen Alexandra, and gaining power with her, were the Pharisees, an important sector of the Jewish community who were considered more religious than the rest of the nation and stricter in the observance and interpretation of the Laws (trans. Ahasuerus is moved by her words and instead orders Haman to be hung on the gallows he had built for Mordecai. The midrash tells that when Esther came to Ahasueruss palace the spirit of divine inspiration left her, and she then prayed to God. The murdered queens name does not survive in the historical record. One tradition asserts that Esther used a resorbent, that is, she employed a contraceptive device to prevent any pregnancy by Ahasuerus. Warrior-kings tend to figure largely as models of leadership in the Western imagination. Esther exposes Haman's evil plan. Esther, on the other hand, was taken every day and, like them, she requested miracles. Rabbah6:11). The Rabbis then mention an additional argument that is raised by the people, that the writing of the Book of Esther will arouse the enmity of the non-Jewish nations. extended into the reign of her stepson, Artaxerxes. As the Queen died on the Isle of Wight, her body was carried on board the HMY Alberta with several yachts taking the mourners and King Edward VII to Gosport in Hampshire and then by train to Victoria station in London. How old was Queen Elizabeth II when she died? It is believed that Esther's life Nevertheless, this must not have an easy decision for her; just one generation before her, the wife of the Hasmonean King John Hyrcanus was starved to death by her son when she tried to remain queen. "Esther: Midrash and Aggadah." During the Temple period, the dough set aside to be given to the priests.
